Modelling and Simulation of a Two-Wheeler Anti-Lock Braking System with an Intelligent Controller

Abstract

The braking system is a crucial component in any vehicle serving the vital purpose of slowing down or halting the vehicle's motion. The safety of passengers hinges significantly on the effectiveness of this system. In traditional braking setups, a prevalent issue during panic braking scenarios is wheel locking, which can have dire consequences. To counteract this problem, the automotive industry has embraced the Antilock Braking System (ABS) as a preferred solution. ABS enhances vehicle stability and steering control by preventing wheel lockup, thereby minimizing stopping distances. This study delves into the innovative fusion of ABS with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers to optimize and dramatically reduce a vehicle's stopping distance. ABS well known for its ability to prevent wheel lockup during braking and combined with PID control algorithms to achieve precise real-time modulation of braking forces. Through rigorous experimentation conducted in MATLAB simulation, integrating ABS and PID controllers remarkably reduces stopping distances, ensuring superior control and stability in emergency braking. This simulation of a 300 kg motorcycle at 25 m/s highlights PID-controlled ABS dynamics, achieving gradual braking with slip within 12-15%, applying a maximum torque of 1500 Nm.