Modelling and Analysis of Vienna Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
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Abstract
The first electric vehicles (EVs) debuted in the last decades of the nineteenth century when electricity was becoming increasingly popular to power motor vehicles. EVs power the battery packs with electricity rather than petroleum-based energy sources like gasoline or diesel. EV chargers will significantly influence the adoption of EVs. A battery is required to power the EV. Since this battery needs to be charged regularly, the reduced grid-side power factor in existing converters is caused by increased input current harmonics, which occurs only under extreme conditions. The Vienna rectifier is superior to other options for excess power due to its ability to raise the voltage at the output, diminish ripple and enhance efficiency and power factor. The Vienna Rectifier is an excellent front-side converter for applications requiring rapid DC battery charging. Here, the proposed charger charges the batteries using a two-stage conversion system consisting of a Vienna rectifier and buck converter. An EV can be charged using a variety of methods where several complicated parameters are required, as well as AC and DC charging at high power levels. To facilitate this, the Indian government developed Bharat DC 001, the standard for Direct Current (DC) charging and Bharat AC 001, the standard for Alternating Current (AC) charging, for EV chargers. The Bharat EV Charger Protocol was created expressly to regulate India's EV charging ecosystem. Based on the Bharat DC001 standard, this work suggests a two-way DC rapid charger. The Bharat DC001 standards for EV charging stations can simultaneously power two EV batteries with ratings of 72 and 48 volts at charging levels of up to 14.5 kW and 9.6 kW, respectively. The paper provides an analysis of the proposed Vienna rectifier topology and derives the mathematics model from a three-level vector to a two-level vector model. In addition, a well-known SVPWM control technique is implemented to enhance input-side power quality, reduce switching losses and reduce the total harmonic distortion value. Thus, the proposed architecture with its control technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK to validate the results.
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