A Comprehensive Review on Hydrogen as a Fuel

Abstract

The demand for gasoline fuels has increased due to the population growth. Therefore, we must discover a fuel substitute for gasoline in the transportation sector. It has been shown that H2 fuelled internal combustion (IC) engine emits almost no emissions compared to traditional gasoline-fuelled IC engines. Future H2 energy sources have to be transparent and effective. Climate change presents a significant challenge to science when hydrogen is utilized as fuel, which lowers volumetric efficiency. We want optimum efficiency and minimal pollution in the 21st century. Comparing to fossil fuels, hydrogen is intended to lower the pollution. We take into account its particular traits, such as chemical and physical characteristics, for usage in an IC engine or spark ignition engine. Out of all the fuels, hydrogen results the huge energy content as per the unit mass. One gram of hydrogen is equivalent to 2.8 grams of gasoline. There is a significant heat gradient in hydrogen. Hydrogen, a plentiful element with potential as a clean energy vector, can be converted to electricity via fuel cells and produced sustainably. However, challenges in storage and delivery persist due to its low volumetric energy density, addressed through compression methods through mechanical (reciprocating, diaphragm, linear, ionic liquid) and non-mechanical (cryogenic, metal hydride, electrochemical, adsorption) technologies.