Process Optimisation and Characterisation of Karanja - Neem Biodiesel derived using Egg Shell-CuO-Nano-Bio Catalyst through Base Catalysed Transesterification Technique

Abstract

The present investigation aims at deriving bio oil from the seeds of Karanja / Neem through the mechanical expulsion method. The extracted bio-oil was subjected to two stage transesterification process with methanol and Egg Shell/CuO-NaOH Nano biocatalyst. The Egg Shell/CuO-NaOH Nano biocatalyst was prepared by deposition precipitation method with aqueous solution of copper nitrate through ultrasonication and calcination technique at 375°C. The transesterification process was optimised considering the influential operating parameters like Molar ratio, Egg Shell/CuO-NaOH catalyst, Agitation speed and reaction temperature. The CCRD design in RSM technique developed a 30 Run model to predict the optimal yield of Karanja and Neem biodiesel. 1:9, 450 rpm, 1.5 w/w Egg Shell/CuO-NaOH Nano catalyst and 90°C of molar ratio, agitation speed, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature respectively predicted 97.21% and 95.11% of Karanja / Neem biodiesel respectively. The derived biodiesel was subjected to FTIR and GCMS spectral studies to standardise its characteristics and to identify the compounds and various functional groups. The physicochemical properties were also determined using ASTM methods and were within limits. The findings of the present investigation also support the usage of preparing hybrid blends with Karanja and Neem biodiesel with diesel as fuel in a diesel engine.