Optimizing Performance and Emissions: Injection Pressure Variations in a Four-Stroke CI Engine using Algae Biodiesel

Abstract

With conventional vehicle fuel reserves depleting due to increasing daily consumption and their indiscriminate extraction, there is an urgent need for alternative energy sources. Diesel-powered vehicles emit harmful pollutants, such as CO, UHC, NOX, CO2 and particulate matter, impacting both human health and the environment. It is our responsibility to reduce pollution for the sake of future generations. Biofuels offer a promising solution, with algal biodiesel emerging as a renewable, clean alternative to conventional fuels in internal combustion engines (IC). Algal biodiesel offers benefits like renewability and improved exhaust gas quality. This study examines the feasibility of using algal oil in a one-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, light-duty injection CI engine as a substitute for traditional fuels. The process involves directly injecting algal oil mixed with a 20% volume ratio of non-renewable fuels into the combustion chamber. Various injection pressures ranging from 180 to 200 bars were tested, with experiments comparing pure diesel to B20 algae oil conducted at a steady engine speed of 1500 rpm under different loads. Results indicate that performance is most similar to pure diesel at blend pressures of 180-190 bars. At 180 bars, significant reductions in UHC, CO and CO2 emissions compared to pure diesel were observed, while NOX emissions were lower at 200 bars. Further emission reductions are achievable with higher injection pressure.