Microstructural Characteristics of Friction Stir Welded AZ91 and AZ31B Magnesium Alloys
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Abstract
In this work, AZ91 (MGAL) and AZ31B (MGNC) magnesium alloys were formulated by incorporating calcium and nano-alumina reinforcements. The understanding of material response in secondary processes such as friction welding and hot forming is explored. The deformation characteristics and friction behaviour of the magnesium alloy at the nano scale are examined. A design of experiment using central composite design with L9 orthogonal array was carried out to underpin the ideal parameters for the friction stir welding. The joint efficiencies achieved for the friction stir welding MGAL and MGNC alloys were found to be 93.6 % and 92% respectively. The microstructural analysis discovered that failure took place at the weld region as well as away from the weld region matching the expected behaviour of variation in the welding parameters and associated quality. The defects in the welding zone were improved with less friction time and low speed, leading to an improved tensile strength of the friction stir welded joining of MGAL and MGNC alloys.
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