Load-Dependent Tribological Behaviour of Powder Metallurgy Nickel Composites Reinforced with Graphene and Ti3C2Tx-MXene
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Abstract
This study investigates the tribological behaviour of nickel-based metal matrix composites reinforced with graphene and Ti3C2Tx-MXene, fabricated via powder metallurgy. Four compositions (pure nickel (N), nickel-graphene (NG), nickel-MXene (NM) and nickel-graphene-MXene (NGM)) were synthesised and evaluated under varying normal loads (5-20N) using a ball-on-disk tribometer at room temperature and a constant sliding speed of 0.25 m/s. Microstructural analysis and FTIR results confirmed uniform dispersion of reinforcements and XRD results validated their retention post-sintering. Results show that both the coefficient of friction (CoF) and specific wear rate decreased with increasing load up to 10 N, followed by a slight increase with the increase in load. NGM composite demonstrated the best performance, achieving the lowest CoF and wear rate due to the synergistic effect of graphene and MXene. These findings highlight the effectiveness of hybrid nanofillers in enhancing wear resistance and lubrication stability in nickel matrices under moderate loading.
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