Injection Pressure Optimisation for Enhanced Performance and Emission Control in CI Engines using EGR with Hevea Brasiliensis Biodiesel and CNT
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Abstract
The optimisation of Injection Pressure (IP) in Compression Ignition (CI) engines using 20% Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) with a blend of Hevea Brasiliensis Biodiesel (HBBD20) and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) 90 ppm was investigated to enhance engine performance and emission characteristics. The study examined the influence of varying IP as 200, 220, 240 and 260 bar on Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) and emissions, including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UBHC), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and smoke levels. The results indicate that an IP of 240 bar demonstrated the highest BTE as 29.82%, the lowest BSEC as 12.07 MJ/kW.hr and significantly reduced emissions, making it the optimal setting. Lower IP of 200 bar resulted in inefficient fuel atomisation, leading to incomplete combustion and increased CO and UBHC emissions. On the other hand, excessively high IP of 260 bar caused an increase in NOx emissions due to finer fuel spray and elevated in-cylinder temperatures, while also reducing combustion efficiency. The role of CNT nano-additives in enhancing the fuel blend was evident, as they contributed to better fuel dispersion and improved oxidation, thereby counteracting some of the adverse effects of EGR on combustion efficiency. Additionally, 20% EGR effectively reduced NOx emissions without compromising performance, making it a viable emissions control strategy.
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