Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Neem Oil Blended with Sodium Hydroxide, Sulphuric Acid and Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles
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Abstract
The objective of this project is to analyse the performance of biodiesel derived from neem seeds. To enhance its properties, various types of catalysts-alkali, acid and metal oxide-were incorporated during production. The primary goal was to identify the catalyst that yields biodiesel with the lowest emissions while maintaining good engine performance. Three types of biodiesel were produced using sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide and sulphuric acid as catalysts. The results indicate that the biodiesel blend produced with calcium oxide exhibited superior performance compared to the other two blends. Key performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and maximum torque were evaluated. Emission tests were also conducted to measure the pollutant levels of each biodiesel blend. The findings show that the calcium oxide-catalysed blend produced the lowest emissions among the tested fuels. Overall, the results are promising and suggest that neem seed-based biodiesel produced with calcium oxide is a viable alternative to conventional diesel fuel.
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