Influence of Al2O3 Nanofluid as Engine Oil on the Combustion, Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine
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Abstract
The impact of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle-based nanofluid used as an engine lubricant on the performance and emission behaviour of a Single-Cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine is studied here. Al2O3 nanoparticles with mean diameter 10-20nm was blended with Servo 20W40 engine oil with different concentrations of 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% by weight. The neem biodiesel was employed as the fuel, and the experiments were conducted under various load conditions. Of all the concentrations tested, 0.3 wt. % Al2O3 nanofluid exhibited maximum performance, providing a 9-12% increase in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and an 8-10% increase in Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ITE) when compared with the conventional engine oil. In addition, fuel consumption was decreased by 6-8%, demonstrating improved fuel economy. From emission testing, there was a significant drop in Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions by 15-20% and 10-14%, respectively, due to higher combustion efficiency. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions increased slightly, indicative of improved combustion completeness, while Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions increased by 12-18% attributable to increase in-cylinder temperatures. Overall, the incorporation of 0.3 wt. % Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in engine oil was most effective in boosting performance while reducing harmful emissions, apart from NOx, which may require further mitigation strategies.
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