Comparative Investigation of Performance and Emission of Pongamia Pinata with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle in Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine

Abstract

This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel from Pongamia pinnata, specifically when blended with Cerium Oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles in a Single-Cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine. In this research, the critical need for alternative fuels is discussed considering the depleting nature of fossil fuels and their combustion processes, which adversely affect the environment. Biodiesel from non-edible oilseeds like Pongamia pinnata is an excellent alternative for sustainable energy production. However, this biodiesel faces several issues, including a lower calorific value and increased density, which may affect the performance of the engine and emission profiles. The addition of CeO₂ nanoparticles is explored as a means of enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. Experimental results show that the addition of CeO₂ nanoparticles improves certain performance parameters, such as brake-specific fuel consumption however, this improvement is accompanied by an increase in the emission of Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen oxides (NOx). This study explains the complex interplay between the benefits of improved combustion processes and the potential negative effects arising from increased emissions, particularly in the context of varying concentrations of the nanoparticle additive. This research gives important insights into the optimization of biodiesel formulations incorporating nano-additives. The aim is to find a balance between the enhancement of performance and environmental concerns in order to expedite the development of high-performance, low-emission alternative fuels for diesel engines.